Circadian Rhythm Analysis in Drosophila melanogaster Using DAM2 and Shiny-R: An Examination of Activity Patterns

Circadian rhythms are inherent cycles that last approximately 24 hours and govern numerous physiological and behavioral processes, such as sleeping and waking, hormone secretion, and feeding (Fagiani, F., Di Marino, D., Romagnoli, A. et al., 2022). These rhythms are entrained in the external environmental signals of light and temperature so that organisms can anticipate and adapt to daily changes in their ambient environments. These molecular rhythms depend on a core set of clock genes and proteins that produce self-sustaining feedback loops to sustain periodicity. Light and temperature are the main external cues that control these cycles, allowing organisms to anticipate changes in their surroundings. Survival depends on an organism's ability to adapt to daily environmental changes, and this entrainment ensures that organisms function well in their specific environments.

Fruit flies, or Drosophila melanogaster, are commonly used as model organisms in the study of circadian rhythms. Their short lifespan, simple genetic makeup, and distinct behavior make them perfect for studying the molecular mechanisms behind biological clocks. Fruit fly circadian rhythms are regulated by a variety of timeless genes and genetic processes found in more complex organisms, including humans. In this study, we use the Trikinetics DAM2 Drosophila Activity Monitor (DAM) to examine circadian rhythms in wild-type Drosophila under different conditioning protocols and treatments. Through data analysis, we hope to learn more about circadian biology and its possible effects on human health and treatment by investigating the genetic and environmental factors that affect circadian rhythms.