The Dangers of Staphylococcus aureus and Antimicrobial Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the etiological agent responsible for many problematic infections. The signs and symptoms of an infection caused by MRSA differ based on the route of transmission and type of infection. Staphylococcus aureus can secrete toxins that act as virulence factors and aid host invasion. Obesity, old age, being a health care worker, playing contact sports, living in a crowded place, hospitalization, recent antibiotic use, and HIV patients are more at risk of developing an infection caused by MRSA. An abundance of factors has contributed to antimicrobial resistance, like misuse of antibiotics in clinical and agricultural settings and overuse of antibiotics. MRSA can be multidrug resistant via efflux pumps and resistance genes, rendering infections caused by MRSA challenging to treat. Resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus differ geographically due to surveillance programs and antibiotic usage. The production of new antibiotics, antibiotic surveillance programs, diagnostic testing, and educational programs are imperative to slowing the spread of MRSA. Staphylococcal infection and MRSA infections can be prevented by handwashing, sterilizing medical equipment, maintaining a clean healthcare setting, having clear isolation protocols, cleaning gym equipment, not sharing personal care products like razors, and taking the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed by a medical professional. Overall, MRSA is a dangerous pathogen capable of causing opportunistic nosocomial infections that require immediate attention and research.